E wehe i nā anahe Channel
Hāʻawi ʻo SmartMeasurement i nā hoʻonā kahawai hāmama Area Velocity Meter (AVM) holomua, e like me ka Alsonic RAVM non-intrusive, a me nā hoʻolālā transducer pulu e like me ka transit-time ALSONIC AVM a me ke ʻano Doppler-type ALSONIC-DAVM. No nā paipu sewer a me nā conduits cylindrical i hoʻopiha hapa ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia ka mika manawa transit ALSONIC-SAVM kumu kūikawā. Hāʻawi ʻo Smartmeasurement i nā hoʻonā akamai no kāu noi kahawai hāmama me ka nānā ʻole i nā pilikia hoʻonohonoho kahawai hāmama like ʻole.
Pono ke kumu kūʻai a i ʻole ka manaʻo huahana?
Hoʻolaha Products
E ʻimi i nā mika kahawai hāmama kaulana loa o SmartMeasurement—i hana ʻia no ke ana pololei ʻole ʻole i ka mālama wai, HVAC, ikehu, a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana. E hoʻohālikelike maʻalahi i nā hiʻohiʻona ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, ka noi, a i ʻole nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ʻike i ke kūpono kūpono no kāu papahana.
ʻAʻole maopopo i ke kumu hoʻohālike i kūpono i kāu ʻōnaehana? E kamaʻilio me kahi ʻenekinia no ke alakai akamai.
ALSONIC-AVM
- Wahi Nui: Ka nui o 3'-130 '(1-40 ka m)
- Wahi Pālākiʻu: ʻO Ambient, hiki i nā transducers ke kū i nā mahana o 248 ° F (120 ° C)
- pololei: 0.5-1%
- noi: Wehe ke kahawai; wai maʻemaʻe a lepo ʻole
ALSONIC-SAVM
- Wahi Nui: Ka nui 6 '' - 48 "(100-1200 m)
- Wahi Pālākiʻu: ʻO Ambient, hiki i nā transducers ke kū i nā mahana o 248 ° F (120 ° C)
- pololei: 0.5-1%
- noi: Nā humuhumu hoʻomaʻemaʻe a lepo paha
ALSONIC-DAVM
- Wahi Nui: Ka nui o 6 "-240" (150-6000 mm)
- Wahi Pālākiʻu: ʻO Ambient, hiki i nā transducers ke kū i nā mahana o 248 ° F (120 ° C)
- pololei: 2-5%
- noi: ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ke kahawai hoʻokele waiwai, hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā sewer a me ke ana ʻana
ALSONIC-RAVM
- Wahi Nui: Kaila 0-70 mika a hiki i 100 mika
- Wahi Pālākiʻu: Hoʻopaʻa i ka hau a me ka condensate <65C paʻa IP68 a i ʻole IP67
- pololei: +/- 0.01m/s +/-1%
- noi: ʻO nā muliwai, nā loko, nā au, nā puka wai, nā ʻupena paipu wai, nā ala wai, etc.
Pono e kōkua i ke koho ʻana i ka mika kahe kahe pono?
Hiki i kā mākou mau ʻenekini ke hoʻohālikelike iā ʻoe me ke kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi loa e pili ana i kāu mau kikoʻī a me kāu kālā.
No ke aha e koho ai i nā Meter Flow Channel Open o SmartMeasurement?
Ma Smart Measurement, hoʻolaha mākou i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ana ʻana o ke kahawai hāmama a hilinaʻi no nā ʻano ʻoihana ākea. ʻO kā mākou laina huahana nui e pili ana i ka mokuahi ultrasonic transit-time, radar i hui pū ʻia me ka microwave Doppler, ʻāpana hoʻopiha magnetic a me nā Doppler kuʻuna kaila kahe kahe, ua hoʻolālā ʻia kēlā me kēia e hoʻopuka i ka hana pololei a hilinaʻi i nā kaiapuni paʻakikī. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia kā mākou hui loea i ke kōkua ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku e loaʻa i ka mika kahe kahe kūpono no ko lākou mau pono kūʻokoʻa, e hāʻawi ana i ke kākoʻo pilikino a me nā hāʻina maʻamau.
Ana ʻAʻohe Intrusive no ka mālama maʻalahi
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka microwave doppler me ka radar level transmitter i kā mākou AlsonicRAVM mika e ana i ke kahe o ke kahawai hāmama me ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻana i ka wai e hōʻemi i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻaʻahu, a me ka mālama mau ʻana.
Pono no na Kanal i piha hapa
Pono no nā kahawai, nā kahawai, a me nā ʻōnaehana sewer, helu pololei kēia mau mika i ke kahe i loko o nā kahawai trapezoidal, rectangular, a me nā ʻano hana maʻamau.
Hoʻopilikino ʻia no nā Kaiapuni ʻino
Kūkulu ʻia me nā koho sensor maʻalahi a me nā pā paʻa, hana pono kēia mau mika i waho, corrosive, a i ʻole nā wahi pōʻino.
Nā Pane no nā hihia hoʻohana kūikawā
ALSONIC-SAVM: Hoʻoholo i ka manawa kaʻa no nā ʻōpala
Hāʻawi ʻo SmartMeasurement i ka ALSONIC-SAVM, kahi ʻano like ʻole o ka ALSONIC-AVM, i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā conduit cylindrical e like me nā mea i loko o nā ʻōnaehana sewer. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia kŘkohu ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka wikiwiki ma nā kahawai liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai me nā holo pololei i kaupalena ʻia, e kūpono ana ia no nā noi wai.
Hoʻolālā a me ka hana
Hoʻopili ʻia ka ALSONIC-SAVM no nā paipu hoʻoheheʻe a i ʻole nā puʻupuʻu poepoe mai 6-60 iniha (150-1500mm). Hōʻike ia i ka module hōʻike like me ka ALSONIC-AVM akā ua hoʻolako ʻia me kahi cylindrical 3 a i ʻole 4-ala transducer array i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia, e hōʻoia ana i ka hoʻokomo maʻalahi. Hoʻopili kēia ʻano i ka wikiwiki o ke kahe me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe e like me ka ALSONIC-AVM maʻamau.
Pono a pololei
Hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka pololei, ʻo ka ALSONIC-SAVM kahi hopena maikaʻi loa no ke ana ʻana i ke kahe ʻana i nā paipu hoʻoheheʻe pōʻai me ka hopohopo ʻole e pili ana i ka sedimentation a i ʻole blockage e hāʻawi ana i ka hilinaʻi a me ka pololei e like me ka ʻenehana ultrasonic a SmartMeasurement.
E ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i kā mākou ʻenehana wai kani ultrasonic a me kāna mau noi maanei.
Nā hiʻohiʻona nui a me ka hana
- ʻO nā mea hoʻololi hou o ka wā Transit: Hiki iā ia ke ana i nā wai maʻemaʻe loa a me nā wai lepo a hiki i ka 30% mau ʻāpana a i ʻole nā pua.
- Hiki ke hoʻokomo i nā ʻenehana Level Transmitter: Hiki i nā mea hoʻohana ke koho i nā ʻenehana pae i kūpono loa no kā lākou noi a hoʻohui i ka hoʻopuka analog i ke kamepiula kahe SAVM no nā Ana Velocity ʻoi loa.
- Pono Kiʻekiʻe: Hiki ke loaʻa nā pololei a hiki i ka 0.5% o ka heluhelu ʻana no nā wai maʻemaʻe a lepo paha.
Nā pono o ALSONIC-SAVM
- ʻO ka ʻōnaehana sewer pololei loa, a i ʻole nā ala pōʻai ma ka mākeke: Hiki ke loaʻa ka pololei a hiki i ka 0,5% o ka heluhelu ʻana no nā wai maʻemaʻe a lepo paha.
- Hoʻokomo maʻalahi: Hoʻopili pono i loko o nā conduits ākea cylindrical o 6-60 iniha (150-1500mm)
- Nā Koho Hōʻike Nui: Hōʻike kiʻi e hāʻawi ana i ka ikaika hōʻailona, ka wikiwiki o ke kani, a me nā ʻike like ʻole e pili ana i nā ana kahawai wehe.
Nā Laʻana o ka Open Channel Flow Meter
ALMAGPF: Meter Flow Magnetic no nā paipu pani pani ʻāpana
No ka ho'opa'i 'ana i ke kahe nui 'ana ma muli o ka ua a me ka pi'i 'ana o nā kaona i nā manawa e koi 'ia ai ka paipu swage kahi i piha 'ole ai ka paipu i mea e uku ai no ke kahe 'ana. Kapa ʻia kēia mau paipu piha piha kahi e pono ʻole ai ka hana ʻana o ka mīkini kahe maʻamau e koi ana i nā paipu hoʻopiha piha. Pono kēia mau noi i hoʻopiha piha ʻia i kahi flowmeter e ana i ka wikiwiki o ka wai a me ka pae wai i loko o ka paipu.
ʻO ka ALMAG PF o SmartMeasurement kahi mea electromagnetic Partally Filled Pipe Flow Meter e hōʻike ana i kahi mea ʻike holo wikiwiki electromagnetic i hui pū ʻia me kahi mea kani ultrasonic pae wai no ke ana holoʻokoʻa a hoʻomau. Pono nā mea hoʻohana e hoʻokomo i ke anawaena o loko o kahi paipu pōʻai, a e helu ʻokoʻa ka Almag PF i ka kahe kahe o ka paipu. Hōʻike 'o ka Almag PF transmitter i ke kahe koke, ka wikiwiki o ke kahe, ka kahe kumulative a me nā ʻāpana ana ʻē aʻe i ka pipeline. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mika kahe e ana ana i ke kahe kahe ma ke ʻano o ke ana pae, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia ka mika kahe o ka ALMAG PF keakea ʻole e ka lepo, ke one a me nā sediment paʻa ʻē aʻe no ka mea aia nā mea ʻike ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ke kino kahe. ʻAʻole pili ʻia e nā nalu a i ʻole nā mea paʻa e lana ana ma ka ʻili wai.
hoakaka
- Hoʻohana ʻia no nā paipu pani pani ʻia
- Nui Paipu:2″-40″ (100-1000mm)
- Ka pololei o ±2.5% FS
- No nā wai w/ conductivity uila ≤ 100 μS/cm
- 0-130°F(0-55°C)
- ʻO Neoprene a i ʻole nā mea paʻa paʻa paʻa me 316SS, 316L, Ti, Hastelloy C electrodes Flanged (DIN, ANSI, JIS etc.)
- ʻO nā noi no ka ʻinoʻino, nā ʻōnaehana wai, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana
- ʻO ka wai a me ka wai ʻino, nā ʻoihana mahiʻai
He aha ka Open Channel Flow Meter?
He mau mea hana kūikawā i hoʻolālā ʻia e ana i ke kahe o nā wai ma nā kahawai, nā kahawai, a i ʻole nā paipu piha piha kahi ʻaʻole i lalo ke kaomi. ʻAʻole like me nā mika paʻa-paipu kuʻuna, hoʻoholo lākou i ka kahe kahe ma ka helu ʻana i ka pae wai a me ka wikiwiki me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻike ʻokoʻa. ʻO ke kani ultrasonic a i ʻole electromagnetic no ka wikiwiki, a me nā ʻenehana pae, no ke ana pae.
Ke hilinaʻi nei kēia mau mika i ke ana-wikiwiki ana (AVM), ka hui pū ʻana i nā ʻikepili mai nā mea ʻike ʻelua a me kahi kamepiula kahe e hāʻawi i ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana i ka manawa maoli. He mea maikaʻi nā mika kahe o ke kahawai wehe no nā noi e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino, nā ʻōnaehana irrigation, a me ka nānā ʻana i ka wai ʻino. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kahe a me nā weir kahiko, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa a hōʻiliʻili i ka sediment i ka wā lōʻihi, hāʻawi nā mika kaila wehe hou i ka pololei a me ka hilinaʻi lōʻihi me ka hilinaʻi ʻole i ke ʻano o ke kahawai.
Pehea e hana ai nā Metera Kahe Kanewa
Ana Kahe Kahe Wahi
ʻOkoʻa nā mika kahe o ka ʻāpana mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi mea ʻike wikiwiki me kahi mea ʻike kiʻekiʻe kani ultrasonic e helu i ke kahe kahe. Hāʻawi kēia ʻenehana i kekahi mau pono no kekahi mau noi, e like me:
- Ana kahe pololei i loko o nā paipu piha piha a i ʻole nā kahawai me nā ʻano like ʻole
- ʻO ka hiki ke lawelawe i kahi ākea o nā kahe kahe a me ka wikiwiki
- Hoʻemi ʻia nā kumukūʻai hoʻonohonoho i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā flumes a i ʻole weir
Ke hilinaʻi nei nā mika kahe wai wehe i ʻelua ana kī e hoʻoholo ai i ka kahe kahe:
- Ka pae wai: Ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili wai ma ke kahawai
- Velocity: Ka 'awelika māmā o ka wai e kahe ana ma ke kahawai
Ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻāpana kea o ke kahe (helu ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pae wai a me nā ana o ke kahawai) me ka wikiwiki awelika, hiki i ka mika kahe ke helu pololei i ka nui o ke kahe volumetric me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia hoohalike: Flow Rate (Q) = Cross-sectional Area (A) × ʻAwelika Velocity (V)
Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻenehana i nā mika kahe wai e ana i ka pae wai a me ka wikiwiki:
Robert Manning (22 ʻOkakopa 1816 - 9 Kekemapa 1897) he ʻenekinia hydraulic i ʻike nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana o ka ʻO ke ʻano o ka manning. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike Mannings he empirical equation e pili ana i ke kahe like ʻana ma nā kahawai hāmama a he hana ia o ka wikiwiki o ke kahawai, kahi kahe a me ka pali o ke kahawai. Ma lalo o ka manaʻo o nā kūlana kahe like ʻana o ka pali lalo e like me ka pali o ka laina o ka ikehu a me ka ʻili o ka wai.
Q = ax 1.486/nx R2/3 x S1/2
ʻIkepili Hoʻokomo: Wahi = ft² Mannings 'n' = Wetted Perimeter = ft Slope = ft/ft
Nā hualoaʻa: Hydraulic Radius = ft Flow Rate = cfs Velocity = ft/s
Hoʻohana ʻia ka wikiwiki o ka wai ma ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka pulse ultrasonic mai kahi transducer upstream i kahi transducer downstream a hoʻi hou. Hoʻopuka ʻia kēia mau hōʻailona ma ke ala kahe a kūʻē iā ia. E like me ke kahe ʻana o ka wai i hoʻolaha ʻia ai nā hōʻailona, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka manawa transit o nā hōʻailona kani ultrasonic ma ke ala kahe ma mua o ke ala kahe. ʻO ka hopena o ka ʻokoʻa i ka manawa transit, ∆t, ua ana ʻia a hiki i ka flowmeter ke hoʻoholo i ka wikiwiki o ka wai ma ke ala hoʻolaha o nā hōʻailona kani ultrasonic. Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka moʻolelo kahe i mea e loaʻa ai ka wikiwiki o ka kahe kahe ʻana o ka wahi, ʻo ia ka mea like me ka volumetric flow rate ma muli o ka ʻike i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana e pili ana i ka noi kaʻina.
- Hoʻolaha ʻia nā puʻupuʻu kani kani ma kahi kihi mai ka upstream a me lalo, a ua ana ʻia ke kahe kahe ma ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa manawa i hana ʻia me ke kahe.
- He kūpono no ka wai maʻemaʻe
- Ultrasound pulses ua hoʻouna 'ia i loko o ka wai, a me ka holo velocity profile ua loaʻa a me ke kahe ana ana ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā hiʻona i Doppler alapine (frequency) o ka echo mai reflectors e like me ka ea bubbles a me nā particles i loko o ka wai hoʻololi e like me ka holo velocity.
- He kūpono no ka wai opaque
Hoʻokumu ʻia ke ana pae ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana radar ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o nā microwaves ma luna o ka media honua. Loaʻa i nā media a pau ka dielectric mau. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o nā microwaves. ʻAʻole noʻonoʻo ʻo Vacuum a loaʻa kahi mau dielectric o 1. Hoʻohana nā mea hoʻolele kiʻekiʻe o ka radar i nā alakaʻi nalu o luna-lalo e hana a kuhikuhi i nā pulu microwave i lalo i loko o kahi ipu hoʻopaʻa. Hoʻolaha kēia mau hōʻailona ma ke poʻo ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa dielectric mau, a i ʻole ka ʻae ʻia (Er), o ke kinoea a me ka mahu.
E wehe i nā noi ʻana o ke kahawai kahe
Hoʻolālā ʻia nā mika kahe kahe o SmartMeasurement no ka pololei, ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe i loko o nā paipu hapa piha, nā ʻauwai, nā kahawai, nā kahawai, nā kahawai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia nā hihia hoʻohana maʻamau:
Ka Waiwai Waiwai
E nānā i nā kahe kahe o ka muliwai, kahawai, a me ka irrigation no ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka wai, kākoʻo i nā hana mālama, a mālama i nā hoʻokuʻu wai. He kūpono no ka nānā ʻana i ke kahe o ka mahiʻai a me ke kaiapuni.
Hoʻomaʻo Wastewater
E ana i ka mana a me ka effluent kahe i loko o nā keʻena lapaʻau e kākoʻo i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā lula hoʻokuʻu EPA a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana i nā ʻōnaehana wai ʻona a me nā ʻoihana.
Wai ʻino a me nā ʻōnaehana wai
E mālama i ke kahe o ka wai ʻino, nā kīʻaha paʻa, a me nā ʻauwai e hoʻēmi i ka pilikia o ka wai, mālama i ka holo ʻana, a me ka hōʻoia i ka pololei o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hoʻoponopono i ka wā o ka wā kiʻekiʻe.
Ka nānā 'ana i ka wai 'oihana
E ana pololei i ka kahe o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai nā ʻoihana ʻoihana e like me nā mea kanu kemika, nā mea kanu meaʻai, a me nā hana hana e hōʻoia i ka pili ʻana i nā kūlana kaiapuni.
Nā Pūnaehana Waiwai Mahiai
E hoʻonui i ka kahe wai ma nā auwai, nā ʻauwai, a me nā ʻauwaha me ke ana pololei ʻana o ka ʻāpana-wikiwiki. E nānā i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka huaʻai, a e hoʻokō i nā koi hoʻokele wai kūloko ma nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi a me nā hana mahiʻai nui.
Me ka laulā nui o ka paipu a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻano wai like ʻole a me nā ʻano kinoea, ʻo SmartMeasurement's open channel flow meter ka mea i koho ʻia no nā ʻano ana o ke kahe.
FAQs
ʻEhā mau ʻenehana mua i hoʻohana ʻia i ke ana ʻana o ke kahe ʻana o ke kahawai hāmama hou:
- Ultrasonic manawa transit - ana i ka wikiwiki ma nā hohonu he nui i loko o ke kahawai no ka pololei kiʻekiʻe loa, hoʻohana ʻia me kahi mea hoʻoili pae.
ʻO ke kani ultrasonic Doppler - he ʻenehana pulu kūpono e hana maikaʻi ana i nā kahe lepo a i ʻole nā kahe i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā ʻāpana, i hui pū ʻia me kahi mea hoʻoili pae.
- ʻO ka radar microwave - he ʻenehana pili ʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ma luna o ke kahawai, e ana ana i ka wikiwiki o ka ʻili a me ka pae me ke komo ʻole ʻana i ke kahawai kahe.
- Nā mika kahe makeneka - hoʻohana ʻia no nā noi paipu i hoʻopiha hapa ʻia, i hui pū ʻia me kahi transducer pae ultrasonic no ke ana pololei.
Ultrasonic Manawa Transit (nā transducers i pulu ʻia)
pono: ʻO ka ʻenehana kahawai hāmama pololei loa. Hoʻopili nā mea ʻike he nui i ka hohonu piha o ke kahawai. Hoʻokele ka AlsonicAVM a SmartMeasurement a hiki i ka 30% o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā pehu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe a me nā algorithms holomua.
hoʻokau ': ʻO nā mana haʻahaʻa kumukūʻai a i ʻole ke alapine (frequency) haʻahaʻa paha e paio me ka nui o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole ka pehu.
Doppler Ultrasonic (nā transducers i pulu ʻia)
pono: Kūʻai kūpono. Hana maikaʻi i nā wai lepo me nā pehu a me nā ʻāpana. Hoʻohui ʻia ka wikiwiki a me ka transducer pae i loko o hoʻokahi pūʻolo, i kau ʻia ma ka lalo o ke kahawai.
hoʻokau ': ʻAʻole pololei ma mua o ka manawa hele, ke ana wale nei i ka wikiwiki o ke kahawai lalo. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Hana ʻole i nā wai maʻemaʻe loa me ka ʻole o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā pehu.
Radar Microwave (ʻaʻole hoʻopilikia)
pono: ʻAʻole loa e hoʻopilikia, kau ʻia ma luna o ke kahawai. Noho paʻa nā kahawai i ka wā e hoʻokomo ʻia ai. Hana maikaʻi i nā kahe lepo a i ʻole nā ʻāpana i hoʻopiha ʻia.
hoʻokau ': ʻAʻole pololei ma mua o ka manawa hele, e ana wale ana i ka wikiwiki o ka ʻili (5 a 10% maʻamau). Hiki i nā wai maʻemaʻe me ka ʻole o nā ʻāpana ʻili ke hana i nā hewa hōʻailona. Hāʻawi kekahi mau mea kūʻai aku i nā polokalamu profiling kahe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei i 3 a 5%.
ʻO ka pololei e pili ana i ka ʻenehana wikiwiki o ka wahi i koho ʻia:
- ʻO ka ultrasonic manawa transit me nā hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe a me ka profiling kahawai multi-transducer: a hiki i ka +/-1%
- ʻO ka radar microwave (ka wikiwiki o ka ʻili): maʻamau 5 a 10%, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia a 3 a 5% me ka polokalamu profiling flow
- ʻO Doppler ultrasonic (ka wikiwiki o lalo): maʻamau 5 a 10% me ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana e like me nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana
ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e pili ana i ka ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia:
- ʻO ka radar microwave - ʻoi aku ka ikaika no nā kahe ʻana i kaumaha i nā ʻōpala, i hoʻokomo ʻia ma luna o ke kahawai me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili ʻana me ke wai a i ʻole nā mea paʻa.
- Ultrasonic manawa transit alapine kiʻekiʻe - hiki ke hana i nā kahe e loaʻa ana a hiki i ka 30% o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ʻōpala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā algorithms hana hōʻailona holomua.
- ʻO ke kani ultrasonic Doppler - Pono paha ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe lima ʻana o ka transducer i kēlā me kēia manawa. Hāʻawi ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai aku i kahi alarm sedimentation e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea hoʻohana ke uhi piha ʻia ka maka transducer.
